PLAT: Sparse Timed Keyframe Motion Tracking for Humanoid Control via Privileged Latent Transition Learning

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Article Summary

Humanoid motion tracking policies rely on dense frame-by-frame references, limiting their use as high-level motion controllers for planning and interactive motion generation. We study \emph{Sparse Timed Keyframe Motion Tracking}, where a policy receives only sparse future keyframes and their desired arrival times, and must execute stable whole-body motions that reach successive goals. We propose \textbf{PLAT}, a three-stage sparse timed keyframe motion tracking policy learning framework with \textbf{P}rivileged \textbf{LA}tent \textbf{T}ransition learning. PLAT bridges dense motion tracking and sparse goal-conditioned control by exploiting dense goal sequences as privileged supervision during training while requiring only sparse timed keyframe commands at deployment. A pretrained dense tracking expert first provides robust motion priors. A privileged latent prior is then learned through DAgger-style imitation, followed by latent residual reinforcement learning that refines latent transitions instead of directly optimizing actions. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate that PLAT maintains accurate and stable sparse timed keyframe tracking across varying planning horizons, with particularly strong performance under long-horizon commands. Successful deployment on a Unitree G1 humanoid robot further demonstrates the effectiveness and practicality of PLAT for sparse humanoid motion control.

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