Motion Retargeting with Spatiotemporal Preferences for Humanoid Loco-Manipulation

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Article Summary

Human motion retargeting bridges the embodiment gap between humans and humanoid robots by converting human demonstrations into reference trajectories for whole-body control and loco-manipulation. For object-interaction tasks, successful execution depends on accurately preserving body--object relations at critical stages. However, uniform per-frame iteration budgets do not account for these localized accuracy requirements, limiting the computational efficiency of retargeting. To address this limitation, we present Spatiotemporal Retargeting (STR), which uses keyframes and key body parts to allocate optimization effort. Specifically, a vision-language model selects relevant motion signals and body parts, and keyframes are identified from changes in the selected signals. Based on these selections, STR assigns additional solver iterations to keyframes and higher interaction weights to the selected parts. To further improve contact fidelity, we introduce Mechanics-Aware Contact Anchoring (MCA) to refine object-surface contact positions using an approximate object-wrench model while retaining the selected surface directions. Building on the resulting references, we develop Spatiotemporal Reinforcement Learning (STRL), which combines adaptive key-stage sampling with a contact reward based on target proximity and object contact forces for downstream control. Simulation experiments on a Unitree G1 and real-world experiments on a Unitree R1 demonstrate that STR improves geometric contact coverage and continuity at lower computational cost, while the resulting references improve downstream task completion across diverse object-interaction motions.

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