Mobility Information Capacity of Multi-Robot Systems: Safety-Aware Maneuver Design

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Article Summary

Multiple robots operating in shared workspaces must adjust their speed, direction, and trajectories to coordinate with one another and respond to changing tasks and disturbances. The available maneuver freedom depends on the dynamics, uncertainty, and safety margins, even for a fixed fleet size and workspace. However, robot count, workspace occupancy, and task throughput do not quantify how much the fleet can vary its motion or how reliably these variations can be observed. We develop a mobility information capacity (MIC) framework that jointly characterizes these two aspects. Mobility information is defined as the mutual information between a joint maneuver sequence and its noisy trajectory observation, and MIC maximizes this quantity under maneuver-resource constraints. For a linear Gaussian maneuver-to-observation model with feedback dynamics, we characterize the finite-horizon information benchmark and derive its stationary long-horizon spectral limit, accounting for heterogeneous mobility gains, colored uncertainty, and temporally coupled maneuver costs. We further map workspace-boundary, inter-robot separation, and actuator chance constraints into coupled maneuver-covariance restrictions and derive conditions under which covariance optimization reduces to resource allocation across mobility modes. Finite joint maneuver codebooks are then constructed through individual risk screening and noise-whitened trajectory separation, with bounds linking sequence recovery error and achieved information to the capacity benchmarks. An aerial-robot simulation study evaluates spectral convergence, safety-aware allocation, finite-codebook identification, and fleet-size scaling. The resulting framework complements occupancy and task-throughput measures by quantifying the maximum observable maneuver freedom supported by a mobility system.

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