ForceWAM: Decoupling Future and Response Learning from Demo and Play Data for Contact-Rich Manipulation

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Article Summary

Expert demonstrations show how to complete contact-rich tasks, but provide limited coverage of how interaction forces respond to different actions. Task-agnostic play provides broader experience of contact dynamics without specifying task goals. To fully leverage these two types of data, we introduce ForceWAM, a force world action model that decouples knowledge of task-compatible interaction outcomes from knowledge of how local actions change contact. A world model learns from successful demonstrations to jointly predict future video and six-axis force/torque trajectories. Together, these futures describe the expected evolution of motion and contact during the task. A separate inverse dynamics model (IDM) learns from both task and play, mapping current observations and recorded visual-wrench futures to their associated robot actions. Play data thus provide knowledge of force responses for goal-directed execution. At deployment, the IDM reactively translates generated futures into actions, reusing them with fresh wrench feedback between world-model updates. Across real-robot force-regulated sliding, box flipping with and without disturbances, and ring placement, ForceWAM achieves $85$-$95\%$ mean success, surpassing world-modeling and reactive baselines. Our experiments further show that adding task-agnostic play data improves success by $15$-$45$ percentage points, demonstrating its value for learning contact-rich execution. Project page and code are available at https://force-wam.github.io/.

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