AutoBio+: Benchmarking Dexterous Manipulation with Dynamic Experimental Phenomena in Realistic Laboratories

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Article Summary

Automating biological laboratories requires robots to perform dexterous tool interactions under realistic visual conditions while handling dynamic experimental phenomena, presenting significant challenges for robotic manipulation. To enable systematic evaluation under these conditions, we introduce AutoBio+, a simulation benchmark and framework for dexterous manipulation in realistic biological laboratory environments. AutoBio+ comprises 14 tasks across 4 robot embodiments, spanning functional tool use, precision manipulation, language-conditioned visual grounding, and instrument operation. We introduce controllable dynamic experimental phenomena, including flames, vapor, and bubbles, to capture the evolving visual conditions of laboratory procedures. To further enhance environmental realism, we develop a hybrid rendering pipeline that integrates interactive simulated foreground objects with Gaussian-splatting backgrounds reconstructed from 6 real laboratory scenes. For efficient large-scale data generation and evaluation, we further build a parallel simulation framework on top of mjlab, proposing Parallel Finite-State Machine (PFSM) and integrating batched rendering with decoupled trajectory replay for demonstration generation and model-independent closed-loop policy evaluation. Our evaluation reveals substantial variation in policy performance across tasks, exposing distinct strengths and weaknesses of current manipulation policies. Real-world experiments further demonstrate a reduced sim-to-real gap, supporting the validity of AutoBio+ for realistic manipulation evaluation. Supplementary materials are available at https://autobio-plus.github.io/AutoBioPlus.

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