Anchor 1: Precise and Stable Humanoid Control for Whole-Body Manipulation

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Article Summary

Humanoid controllers have acquired increasingly diverse motor skills, yet translating these capabilities into precise and stable whole-body manipulation remains challenging. Manipulation tasks are sensitive to execution deviations -- even small errors or unintended steps can cause failure. Introducing Anchor 1, a whole-body controller for precise and stable whole-body manipulation, together with a benchmark spanning diverse coordination demands. Anchor 1 adopts calibrated sparse motion references to preserve task-relevant human motion structure without online joint-space retargeting, leaving kinematic freedom for precise control. To guide this freedom towards stable, physically plausible whole-body coordination, we shape the training distribution through offline curation of robot motions paired with these calibrated sparse references. We further introduce explicit error feedback decoupled from motion encoding, improving control precision while supporting flexible command interfaces. To achieve a systematic evaluation of these capabilities, a benchmark is proposed to assess precision, sustained execution stability, and reachability across diverse whole-body coordination demands. Evaluations in simulation and on hardware show stronger precision and stability across all evaluation tracks. Under the most strict real-world global scoring setting, Anchor 1 achieves a 30\% to 80\% decrease in tracking error with fewer look-ahead inputs, and without retargeting compared to all existing controllers. Downstream experiments demonstrate more efficient teleoperated data collection and higher task success using the same deployment pipeline as well. We believe Anchor 1 supports precise and stable whole-body control as a practical basis for humanoid task execution.

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